Laws about Radiation Protection, Privacy and Illegal Surveillance Protection 1.International Treaties, and Laws
2.United States
Code of Federal Regulations (DOD, Intelligence Agencies)
U.S. Code, State and Local Privacy and Radiation Laws
Outline of Privacy Acts, Laws and Regulations
[Nonconsensual Human Subjects Research Laws & Regulations]
3. Radiation Exposrue Limits & Standards
Radiation Standards ( International, United States, Europe/Russia)
Code of Federal Regulations (DOD, Intelligence Agencies)
Code of Federal Regulations(CFR): 47 CFR Ch. 1 (10-10-97 Edition) Federal Communications Commission 47 Section 25 Satellites Subpart C - Technical Standards 25.201 - 25.210 32 CFR Ch1 Department of Defense 32 Section 384.5 Functions, 384.6 Relationships ,384.7 Authorities 385.2 Mission, 385.3 Responsibilities and Functions 32 CFR CH.1 Subchapter D Regulations Pertaining to Military Justice 1997
Web Sites
U.S. Code, State and Local Privacy and Radiation Laws
U.S. Laws U.S. codified laws and governmental policies which specify that it is illegal to use satellites to monitor U.S. citizens and it is illegal to experiment on U.S. citizens. Some of these laws include: The 1st and 4th amendments to the U.S. Constitution Intelligence Surveillance Laws which prohibit overhead reconnaissance and surveillance of a U.S. citizen as well as experimentation upon a U.S citizen with satellites or overhead reconnaissance. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 The Domestic Wiretap Act of 1968, Title 50 Chapter 1800's prohibiting unauthorized surveillance, Title 18 Chapter 2511 (Interception of Oral and Electronic Communications), Department of Defense policies 5200 and 5240.1R Dec 1982 (Electronic Surveillance Affecting U.S. Citizens). Department of Health and FDA : Radiation Control Act of 1968 (RCHSA) and pursuant to 21 CFR 1000 -1050 (21 U.S.C. 360hh - 360 ss) to the safe emission of electronic products manufactured for sale or use. Federal Food and Drug Cosmetic Act 21 CFR Chapter 1 subpart A - General provisions "(a) Within the meaning of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act an imminent hazard to the public health considered to exist when the evidence is sufficient to show that a product or practice posing a significant threat of danger to health, creates a public health situation (1) that should be corrected immediately to prevent injury ..." as justification for FDA authority and this was not addressed in my response letter at all. DOD Policy OASD (3I) - Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence, Chief of Staff, Military Departments References Bibliography above Reference Numbers: # 36 DOD Directive 4650.1 June 24, 1987 Management and Use Of Radiofrequency Spectrum " Increase awareness with in the intelligence community to ensure that they adhere to national and international spectrum regulations and that military departments ensure that (1) highly classified or specialized access programs adhere to the maximum practical extent - established spectrum policies." FCC 47 CFR CH 1 (10-1-97 Edition) 25.201 Subpart C - Technical Standards for Satellites U.S. Code: Title 50 War and National Defense 50 Section 401 Chapter 15 National Security U.S. Intelligence Activities 1.1 Goals (b) "all means consistent with applicable U.S. Laws...full ...consideration of the rights of U.S. Persons .. 1.4 Intelligence Community 1.2 National Security Council NSC Act 1947 National Foreign Intelligence Program Secret Service <- >President <-> NSC <-> Intelligence Oversight Board Violation of Law ->NSC-> Intelligence Oversight Board -> Attorney General DOJ -> FBI 1.8 CIA CIA Act 1949 CIA Intelligence Program 1.11 DOD (Over looked by NSC, CIA) DOD Intelligence Program (j) provide fiscal management for national security agency .... 1.12 (a) Defense Intelligence Agencies(Overlooked by DOD) Military (b) National Security Agency (d) Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps(Overlooked by CIA and FBI) 1.14 FBI (a) counter intelligence of other agencies Part 2 Conduct of Intelligence Agencies 2.1 Need 2.2 Purpose - " Nothing in this order shall be construed to apply to or interfere with any authorized civil or criminal law enforcement responsibility of any department or agency" 2.3 Collection of Information 2.4 Collection Techniques "..... such procedures shall protect constitutional and other legal rights" 2.5 Attorney General Approval -> Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 1978 2.10 Human Experimentation 2.12 Indirect Participation Executive Order No. 12334 (1981) Presidents Intelligence Oversight Board Title 50 Section 1801 Chapter 36 Intelligence Surveillance Section 1806 Compliance with minimization procedures Section 1809 Criminal Sanctions (a) Prohibited Activities Section 1810 Civil Liability Title 50 Chapter 22 Uniform Code of Military Justice
Web Sites
Radiation Standards International United States U.S. Radiation Microwave Standards
10mW/cm(2) for 10 MHz to 100 GHZ as average over .01 Watts per centimeter squared over .01 hour period
United State of America Standards Institute
ANSI
OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.97 U.S. Military Microwave Standards
U.S. Air Force Standards: 10 Milliwatt/cm(2) since 1957 Russian Standards 10 microwatts per square centimeter .00001W/cm(2) (work) .000001W/cm(2) general population [Top of Document]
Europe/Russian
Russian Standards 10 microwatts per square centimeter .00001W/cm(2) (work) .000001W/cm(2) general population
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Other Treaties 1997 International Treaties Outer Space Treaties 1967 ABM Treaty 1972 SALT I & SALTII
International Organizations, Treaties and Laws:
Organizations:
NGO-nongovernmental organizations Intergovernmental Organizations UN Global Politics Red Cross UN HCR - UN High commission for Refugees Treaties and Laws: International law International humanitarian laws Geneva Convention - 1859, 1928 UN resolutions - law of armed conflicts International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) Red Cross -KRC -international committee of red cross Hague - 1899,1903 Tehran conference- Mcbride 1968,1973 UN General Assembly- 28th session 1973 20th sess in Viena 1965 Istanbul -1969 SALT -strategic arms limitation talks Diplomatic Conference 1975,76,77 Protocol I,II OSHA - occupational safety and health act - programs and standards Legal limits in war Hague peace conference 1899,1907 Hague regulations on war and CW Article 23 a - prohibits use of chemical or biological agents W.W.I - peace treaties 1922 - disarmament conference 1923 - Hague and air warfare rules Geneva Protocol 1925 United nations outer space treaty 1963 Western European Union for control of armaments 1955
Issues:
International institutions which are called upon to tackle the problems of non international armed conflict - legal & practical difficulties Problems of legal prescription,proscription,implementation shaped by practical contexts of application beleaguered populations in the face of armed opposition States reluctant to concede any 'legitimate' status to dissident forces fighting within their established territory Jus ad bellium- law prohibiting intervention in internal Armed conflicts Insurgency Belligerence Jus in bello - law in war Internal international violence & disturbances Racist regimes Colonial domination Alien occupation
Traditional Peacekeeping:
Operations carried out with the consent of belligerent parties, in support of efforts to achieve or maintain peace , in order to promote security & sustain life in areas of potential or actual conflict. Communications ,Movement, Disarmament, Tracking, Security, Criminality Countering, Civilian Needs Mandates depend on: constant dialog between policy makers & military planners for x logistics planning technical surveys resource requirements Technologies: MIR -micro power impulse Radar Wavelength tunable video camera hand + air deployed sensors for field intelligence electronic tags for monitoring night vision laser imaging spectroscopy remotely piloted vehicles autonomous systems
Peace Keeping Concepts:
Command & control, Logistics ,Public relations ,Operational Procedures,Legal aspects, Budget & Finance, Force Strength, Organizational Applications, Information & Intelligence, Communications, Sensors, Demeaning media interface, crowd control, training, Predeployment, Deployment, Consent of warring parties classical & nonclassical conditions, establish secure environment for the delivery of humanitarian assistance, military structure:levels of command, strategic - issues of harmony between member states,groups, & international bodies, operational-, tactical- material terms of boundaries, time, numbers, resources, military force, electrical teams, human rights monitors, police, monitors of parties.Roe -rules of engagement Coac-laws of armed conflict, Ihl-international humanitarian law, Conflict insecurity ,defuse tensions, prevent spread of conflict intervention by outside parties, news media - play significant role in giving immediacy to conflicts & trajectories occurring in remote regions cases of extreme violence & human suffering when, how, & who should intercede predictions on future trouble spots - intelligence nature of conflict & root causes historic & cultural context, military requirements for intervention cost of intervention ,consequence of intervention, post conflict reconstruction- reestablish normal conditions of law and order, mission specific assets - skill, capabilities, equipment, exit strategy, traditional authority-constitutional authority
Peace Support Operations:
Practitioners, policy makers ,technologies , military commanders, civilian directors ,Aides,Policy issues, equipment & technologies MIO - multinational force & observers, humanitarian,natural & man made disasters, Domestic option, victims & spokes persons Cases involve conflicts between & within states, that require outside intervention to reestablish calm & create, an environment for immediate conflict avoidance & resolution, intercession require:, diplomacy, well equipped observers, peace keepers, public safety, political legitimacy needs to be restored Program concerns, feasibility & readiness, logistics & infrastructure, community commitment & readiness, institutional implications , international involvement, cost of initiatives, priorities & the big picture, demographic characteristics [Top of Document]
Ouline of Privacy Acts, Laws and Regulations References: U.S. Code of Federal Regulations U.S. Code Information Warfare, Legal, Regulatory, Policy, and Organizational Considerations for Assurance , July 4 1995, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Publication 1, A Research Report for the Chief Information Warfare Division (J6K), Command, Control, Communications and Computer System Director, Joint Staff, The Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301 Electronic Record Systems and Individual Privacy OTA Report Y 3.T 2212 Radiation Regulation, Acts and Laws Privacy and Access to Government Information Regulations and Laws Statute: Protection: Bill of Rights(1791) Freedom of Information Act of 1966 Access to Government Information Domestic Wire Tap Act of 1968 Wire and Oral Communications Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Privacy of Computers, e-mail, Streets Act of 1978 digitized voice, data, video Privacy Act of 1974 Personal information held by Federal Agencies Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Wire and Oral Communications Act of 1978 Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 Privacy and financial records Electronic Transfer Funds Act of 1980 Privacy of electronic funds transfer Counter Access Device and Computer Wire and Oral Communications Fraud and Abuse Act of 1984 Electronic Communications and Privacy Privacy of cellular phone Act of 1986 Computer Matching and Privacy Act Personal Information Held by of 1988 Federal Agencies Communications Assistance for Law Privacy f cordless phones and Law Enforcement Act 01 1994 Data communications Government Responsibility for Ensuring Privacy Executive Report, Authorize surveillances Judicial Judicial Review, Court Orders Legislative Oversight Intelligence/Law Enforcement Minimization Attorney General Certify, Report DoJ Enforce, report, Minimize impact of intelligence activities FBI CIA Privacy OMB Privacy Guidelines and Regulations, IT Management and Oversight Privacy Protection Commission Report, Recommend DoJ Coordinate FOIA and privacy policy and compliance Federal, State, Local Agencies Privacy Act/Freedom of Info Act implementation Security of information, Access to information